Method of and apparatus for weaving



March 21, 1961 E. F. CLARK METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING '7Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed Dec. 6, 1944 Jinan W: .E enefCzzr/:

March 21, 1961 E. F. CLARK Re. 24,949

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING Original Filed Dec. 6, 1944 7Sheets-Sheet 2 March 21, 1961 E. F. CLARK Re. 24,

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING 7 Sheets-$heet 4 Original Filed Dec.6, 1944 Mew): jz'gemsrfar/,

March 21, 1961 E. F. CLARK Re. 24,949

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING Original Filed Dec. 6, 1944 7Sheets-Sheet a March 21, 1961 I E. F. CLARK R -.2

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING Original Filed Dec. 6, 1944 7Sheets-Sheet .6

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March 21, 1961 E. F. CLARK Re. 24, 9

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING Original Filed Dec. 6, 1944 7Sheets-Sheet 7 J6 J55? an fez? if gar/5' Re. 24,949 Reissued Mar. 21,1961 24,949 METHOD or AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING Eugene F. Clark,Leaksville, .N.C., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Fieldcrest Mills,Inc., a corporation of Delaware Original No. 2,437,378, lit-tied Mar. 9,194a, Ser. No. 566,853, Dec. 6, 1944. Application for reissue June 16,1960, Ser. No. 36,698

45 Claims. (Cl. 139-46l Matter enclosed in heavy brackets E 1 appears inthe original patent but forms no part of this reissue speciii cation;matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

My invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for weaving,preferably for the weaving of heavy pile fabrics used for rugs andcarpets and the like, as well as draperies, and tapestries, and may alsobe used for terry cloth used in the manufacture of bath towels, bathmats,and the like.

The primary object of my invention is the provision of mechanismincorporated in a loom for the weaving of pile into fabricsindependently of any of the apparatusfor the weaving of the fabric basein a continuous process, with the warp taken from warp beams in theusual manner with filling threads woven with the warp threads to formthe backing, while the pile is formed from continuous strands of yarntaken from a beam, spools, banks or creels and woven into the fabricinitially in the form of loop pile, formed by means of guides whichthread the yarn back and forth over fingers which extend warpwise of theloom in front of the harnesses and between the fingers into the shed ofthe loom where the filler threads are inserted through the open warp andloops and beat up into fabric. A I

I am aware that in the art of weaving, fingers or wires extendingwarpwise of the loom in combination with doup heddles or harness havebeen employed for the Weaving of certain kinds of fabrics, usually lightweight, as compared with carpets, and in which wires, fingers or gaugesare used which usually extend through the harness, which confines theuse of looms of this type to very narrow limits, usually to open fabricsor loosely woven fabrics. Also, for the weaving of heavy fabrics, wiresor guides extending fillerwise of the loom have been employed, but bothof these types are objectionable because of the difficulty of handlingdoup needles and the insertion and removal of the fillerwise guides. Inmy improved loom I am able to weave heavy and close'wo-ven pile fabricvery rapidly and very accurately with varying kinds and types of pileyarn and in which the pile yarn is accurately and firmly woven into thebase fabric and in such nearly perfect condition that it requires verylittle hurling and very little trimming, so that a saving in time andlabor is secured as well as a substantial saving in material, which isnot true with respect to some of the other forms of weaving.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loomhaving spaced fingers extending parallel with the warp, mounted in frontof the harness and independent in operation therefrom, over whichstrands of pile yarn are woven into loops fairly tightly while anchoredin the fabric and the base fabric and the loops thus formed moved alongthe fingers by the beating-up action of the loom and over the free endsof the fingers, if loops are desired, and severed through the crown ofthe'loops by knives mounted along the upper sides of the lingersadjacent the ends to form the usual pile, with from three to five loopsnormally being on the fingers at all times to form a backing againstwhich the succeeding loops are heat, thereby providing a heavier pilemore closely woven and evenly formed than is possible heretofore.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loom inwhich any and all kinds of materials such as wool, worsted, cotton,jute, rayon, and nylon yarn and combinations thereof may be used, withparticular emphasis placed upon cotton yarn, which is especiallydiflicult to weave properly into pile fabric, and in which plain orall-over fabrics in color or design and various combinations thereof canbe woven or various patterns may be woven, particularly through the useof spot dyeing now common with many types of weaving, if desired.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loom inwhich the pile may be fashioned to any height desired or with tight orclosely woven pile or loosely woven if desired with the usual variety ofpicks or ends, as may be desired, and in which plain back or woventhrough to the back fabrics may be woven with the placing of shots offiller threads in many combinations, and also for the weaving of variouskinds and types of fabric now commonly used in the making of shag rugsand carpets and the like.

Another and further object of my invention is the elimination of wastein the weaving operation in that all of the material is incorporated inthe finished pile, whereas in the normal cutting of the pile yarn in theordinary weaving there is usually a large amount of waste, all of whichis saved through the use of my im-' proved loom, as there is no waste inthe weaving op eration.

Another and further object of my invention, is the provision of a loomin which the hurling and finishing operations are materially reduced, insome of the operations as much as one-half.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of thecombination of fixed fingers free of the harness, and sets of pile yarnguides, movable fillerwise in combination with raising and loweringmeans there-' for, all of which is independent and free of all other operating parts of the loom but operate in synchronism' therewith for theweaving of the pile into the fabric, the sets of guides being shiftedtogether if desired or independently in opposite directions for theproduction of various kinds of pile, color combinations of pile, andvarious texture eifects, thereby retaining control of the strands ofpile yarn at all times.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loomfor the making of pile fabrics in which the strand of yarn forming thepile is retained under control and under such tension as may bedesirable at all times, until it becomes an integral part of the fabric,and at no time are there any loose or free ends of the pile yarn such asis the case in some of the practices heretofore followed in the weavingof pile fabrics.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of pileweaving apparatus which operates independently of the warp handlingapparatus of the loom and without regard to the number or spacing of thewarps and in which the operation of the loom is very much faster andmore accurate than what is possible at the present time.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loom inwhich double looped pile is woven through the use of two pile yarn guidebars, which, when yarn of contrasting colors is looped together,presents a fabric of unusually attractive appearance and, inwhichexceeding coarse pileyarn may also be used, thus increasing the speed ofweaving and producing a tight,-

heavy pile having long wearing qualities.

These and other objects of my invention will be more fully and betterunderstood by reference to the accompartying sheets of drawings, and inwhich- Figure l is a side elevation of a loom embodying my invention,the side of the machine illustrated being on the right side of theoperator of the loom.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the opposite side of the loom.

Figure 3 is a plan sectional view on lines 3--3 of Figure 1 with some ofthe pile inserting guides and fingers being omitted and showing the pileguide bar shifting means.

. Figure 4 is a detail side elevational view of the pile weavingmechanism showing the upper position of the pile yarn insertion guidesand showing two pile yarn guide bars with pile yarn guides, one indotted position.

Figure 5 is a detail side elevational view of the pile weaving mechanismshowing two pile yarn guide bars, the front guide being in dottedposition, with the guides extending into the shed of the loom.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of the pile forming fingers forloop pile.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a finger used in forming and cuttingthe loops of the pile.

- Figure 8 is a top plan view of a portion of the guide bar shiftingmeans which is arranged to shift the guide bars in opposite directions.

Figure 9 is a diagrammatic expanded perspective view showing two pileguide bars with front and rear guides for the weaving of double orcrossed loop pile.

. Figure 10 is a bottom plan view on a reduced scale of the apparatusillustrated in Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is a diagrammatic expanded view similar to Fig. 9 with thepile guide bars shifted to a position opposite to that shown in Fig. 9.

Figure 12 is a bottom plan view in a reduced scale of the apparatus inthe position shown in Fig. 11.

Figure 13 is an expanded diagrammatic view of one of the fabricsproduced with a single set of pile insertion guides; and

Figure 14 is an expanded diagrammatic view of one of the fabricsproduced With the multiple set of pile guides.

Figure 15 is a vertical sectional view of a piece of fabric produced bymy improved loom.

Referring specifically to the drawings and in which like referencecharacters refer to like parts throughout, a main frame 10 is showngenerally rectangular in shape upon which all of the operating parts aremounted for weaving purposes. The 100m as illustrated is adapted toproduce a pile securely woven into a base fabric and it is the weavingof the pile with which my invention has particular reference, with theapparatus for weaving the base fabric being old in the art and formingno part of my present invention.

A motor 9 is mounted on the frame 10 for supplying power for theoperation of the loom, having any form of power transmitting means tothe main drive shaft 11 of the loom mounted in the frame 10, such as abelt 12 extending over a pulley 13 on the motor shaft and a pulley 14 onthe end of the main drive shaft 11.

The pile fabric base is woven of the usual warp and filler preferably ofa series of groups of warp threads usually three in number asillustrated in Figures 13 and 14 such as 15, 16, and 17, with a beam 18carrying the warp threadsv 15 and 16, and a beam 19, on arms 20, 20 ofthe main frame 10, carrying the warp threads 17, although manycombinations and variations of weave are possible through the operationof the harness through which all the warp passes. Arms 21, 21 areprovided on the outer end of which is a fixed roll 22 and snap rolls 23and 24 around which the warp threads 17 pass with an arm 25 which isconnected to let-off and take-up mechanism (not shown because thismechanism is wellknown in the art and does not form any part of mypresent invention). An arm 26 is provided from which a weight 27 issuspended which serves to apply tension to the warp yarn 17.Intermediate the ends of the arms 21, 21 is a pair of snap rollers 28and 29 with an arm 30 being provided from which a weight 31 is suspendedby means of which the warp 15 and 16 is kept under tension with an arm32 lead-ing to the let-off mechanism of the loom. Harnesses 33, 34, and35 of the usual form are shown and through which the warps 15, 16, and17 are threaded, which have rods 36, 36 connected thereto which lead tosuitable cams on the drive shaft 11, commonly used in looms of thischaracter and not shown in the drawing because they form no part of mypresent invention. A reed or beating means is provided comprising a box37, having reed dents 38, 38 mounted thereon with openings thereinthrough which the warps 15, 16, and 17 are threaded. The reed box 37 isoperated by rocker arms 37a, 37a mounted on a shaft 39 in. brackets onthe frame 10 in the usual manner and operated by a lever 40 connectedwith a cam on the drive shaft 11 through proper linkage, all of which iscomm-on in loom construction.

At one side (Figure 1) of the loom is a frame 41 upon which a needletrack 42 is mounted by means of angles 43 with a needle carriage 44slidably mounted on the track 42 with a needle 45 being secured at itsrear end to the needle carriage 44 and passing through a fixed guide 46mounted on the track 4-2 with the usual operat ing mechanism for passingthe needle 45 fiilerwise of the loom for the insertion of the fillerthreads between the warps or making the shot as it is known in thisparticular kind of weaving. A breast beam 47 is provided transversely ofthe frame 10 at the front thereof with brackets 48, 48 being provided towhich a breast plate 49 is fastened for the support of the fabric afterit has been woven. The apparatus thus far described has long been in useand is well known and understood in the art, and if desired willfunction to weave complete fabric which in effect is the foundationfabric of carpets, rugs, and the like.

My particular invention has to do with the incorporation of the pileyarn in the fabric during the process of weaving the fabric, either theform of loops or cut pile as desired. If cut pile is desired, then theloops are severed by knives mounted in the fingers over which the pileloops are initially formed during the weaving of the fabric. Brackets50, 50 are secured to the frame 10' at each side thereof and support afiilerwise extending finger holding bar 51 secured to the lowerhorizontal flanges of 2 bars 52, 52 mounted upon the brackets 50, 50 bymeans of bolts 53, 53 which extend through slots in the Z bars 52, 52 toprovide for angular positioning of the finger holding bar 51, thisadjustment being made by screws 54, 54 extending through the upperhorizontal flange of the 2 bars 52, 52 and into engagement with theupper edges of the brackets 50, 50. The finger holding bar 51 is mountedupon horizontal flanges 55, 55 of the 2 bars 52, 52 at the lower sidesthereof and forward of and entirely free of harnesses 33, 34, and 35,and has a plurality of spaced fingers 56, 56 mounted therein andextending forward therefrom with their free ends terminating over thebreast plate 49.

The fingers 56, 56 at their rear ends, have recesses 59. 59 therein andare fitted over a rib 60 formed in the bar 51 and are spaced from eachother by being seated in slots formed in the forward edge of the bar 51with a cap 61 extending across the top of the bar 51 and secured theretoby means of screws 58, 58. The bar and finger assembly is held inposition on the Z bar brackets 52, 52 by means of cap screws 62, 62.

T he fingers 56, 56 are of two kinds as illustrated in detail in Figures6 and 7 of the drawings. Fingers 56, 56 having tapered ends are'used forthe weaving of fabrics with loop pile. When it is desired to producefabric havmg the usual cut pile, fingers 63 are used, each of thesefingers 63 each having its free end slotted and a knife 64 insertedtherein, which severs the loops as they are pushed into engagement withthe knives 64, '64 during the weaving of the fabric.

A pile yarn beam 65 is mounted on the top of the loom frame by brackets66, 66 with a gear wheel 67 on the beam shaft in engagement with a worm68 on a shaft 69 leading to the let-off and take-up mechanismtheretofore referred to as being common to all looms of this character.The pile yarn 70 passes over a snap roller 72, a fixed roller 73 mountedin brackets 74, 74 secured to the frame 10, while a roller 75 pivotallymounted in arms 76, 76 applies tension to the yarn 70 by means of an arm77 having a weight 78 thereon, with another arm 79 leading to thetake-up and let-01f mechanism. The yarn 70 is passed through an openreed 80 which acts as a spacing means for the yarn and into the pileinsertion guides presently described.

Brackets 81 and 82 are secured to the frame 10 on each side thereof,upon which a rocker member assembly is mounted comprising a shaft 83having arms 84 and 85 adjacent each end thereof and extending radiallytherefrom, upon which arms 84 and 85 the guide bar members or frames 86and 87 are pivotally mounted for lateral movement by means of bolts 88,88 which pass through the guide bar members 86 and 87 intermediate theirends.

The front lower portions of these guide bar members 86 and 87 aregenerally rectangular in shape, extend outward towards the front of theloom and have guide bars 89 and 89a mounted therein in side by siderelation with spacers 89b therebetween and fixed to the members 86 and87 by means of studs 89c and 89d, each of which is fixed in one of theguide bar members 89 and 89a and extends through an elongated opening inthe other bar so these bars 89 and 89a are movable relative to eachother and slide on the spacers 89b through which each of the studs 89cand 89d extend. For example, the stud 89c may be fixed in the bar 89 andextend rearwardly through a hole in the guide bar member 86 andforwardly through the spacer 89b and through an elongated opening in theguide bar 89a with a nut loosely positioned on the forward end of thestud 89c so that the guide bar 89 will be moved laterally by the guidebar member 86, and the stud 89c will slide in the elongated opening inthe guide bar 89a. At the opposite end of the guide bars 89 and 89a thestud 89d will be fixed in the guide bar 89a and extend through anelongated opening in the bar 89 and be secured to the guide bar member87. This particular arrangement may be reversed if desired, but in anyevent the movement of the guide bars 89 and 89a is independent of eachother and actuated by the guide bar members 86 and 87 fillerwise of theloom.

A plurality of spaced guides 90, 90 are mounted in the guide bar 89 byscrews 91, 91 each of these guides 90, 90 having eyelets 92, 92 thereinadjacent to the ends thereof through which the strands of the pile yarn70 are threaded. A plurality of guides 90a also having eyelets thereinare mounted in the guide bar 89a by means of screws 91a, the guides 90abeing norm-ally in warpwise alignment with the guides 90 and areslightly shorter than the guides 90, 90 and have additional pile threads70a threaded therethrough, which may come from the pile beam 65 or fromany other suitable source of supply and pass between the guide barmembers 89 and 89a to the rear of the guides 90a and are threadedforwardly therethrough. The guides 90, 90 are spaced in relation to thefingers 56, 56 and are adapted to pass between the fingers 56, 56 infront of the reeds 38, 38, and carry the pile yarn 70 below the fingers56, 56 and into the shed of the loom, so that the needle 45 passesthrough theloops of pile yarn 70' thus formed and positions doublefiller threads 93," 93'between the warp threads and over the strands ofpile yarn 70' (Figure below the fingers 56 when loops 94 of a singlestrand are desired. If desired, the additional guides 90a are used withthe pile yarn 70a threaded th rethrerigh, thereby producing double loopsif the guides and 90s are shifted in the same direction, and crossedpile loops, if the guide bars 89 and 89a are shifted in oppositedirections in relation to each other, as will be hereinafter de scribed.

Extending transversely across the front of the loom and mounted inbrackets 95, 95 is a roller 96 around which the strands of pile yarn 70and 70a (if two strands of pile yarn are used) pass with a second roller97 being provided in links 98, 98, which in turn lead to brackets 99, 99on the frames 86 and 87 and within which a roller 100 is mounted. Studs101, 101 having inturned ends are mounted in the frames 86 and 87 andhave springs 102-, 102 secured to said inturned end portions which arean chored at one end on the studs 101, 101 and at the other end areconnected to the links 98, 98 so that the strands of pile yarn are keptunder tension at all times and an slack is kept out of the yarn duringthe operation of the guides 90, 90 in handling the pile yarn during theweaving operation.

The lower portions of the members 86 and 87 have arm' portions 103 and104 which extend rearwardly from the bolts 88, 88 and have cross rods105 and 106 secured thereto adjacent the rear ends thereof, these rods105 and 106 being pivotally connected to a Z-shaped link 107 which ispivotally mounted on a pin 108 which projects upward from the rockershaft 83 centrally thereof. A lug 109 extends upward from the rockershaft 83 adjacent one end thereof, and has a guideway 110 therein,within which the rear end of the member 103 extends and moves during thelateral movement of the members 86 and 87. The lug 109 has an car 111thereon, to which a spring 112 is attached which is connected to an car113 at the side of the Z member 107, the force of the spring 112 beingexerted upon the 2 member 107 to normally turn the 2 the opposite end ofthe rocker shaft 83 with a guideway 115 therein for the rear end of themember 104, the lugs" 109 and 115 forming supports also for the rearends of the members 183 and 104 and assisting with the bolts 88, 88 insupporting the members 86 and 87.

A cross-rod 116 slidably mounted in a lug 117 rea'rfi wardly extendingfrom the rocker shaft 83 is connected to the rear projecting portion ofthe Z member 107 and has an arm 118 thereon which is engaged by apivotally mounted vertical lever 119 mounted upon an axle 120 in abracket 121 which is secured to the frame 10 of the machine in anyapproved manner. The lever 119 has a roller 122 on the lower end thereofin engagementwitha face cam 123 formed integrally with a gear wheel 124and which in turn meshes with a second gear wheel 125 on the main driveshaft 11 of the loom.

During the operation of the loom the lever 119 is oscillated by theroller 122 in engagement with the earn 123 which has high cam face 123aand a low cam face 123b causing the upper end of the lever 119'to movein a counter-clockwise direction when considered from the standpoint ofthe operator in front of the loom which, in turn, moves the Z member 107about its pivot point against the force of the spring 112 and throughthe arms 105 and 186, shifts the members 86 and 87 in proper alignmentto insert the guides90, 90 alternately on each side of the fingers 56,56 each guide being alternately shifted to each" side of itsco-operating finger so as to form single loops; 94, 94- in the fabricfrom the pile yarn 70. When desired to weave pile fabrics with doubleloops, the guide bar 892! has the-guides 98a fitted therein andadditional strands 70a of pile yarn are provided from any suitablesource of supply, with the members 86 and 87 and guide bars 89 and 89aoperating together in a unit movement, there by forming double loops inthe fabric with the filler 93 being inserted through both loops insteadof only one when a single set of guides is used;

A horizontal lever 126 is pivotally mounted to the frame of the loom atits rear end by means of a bolt 127 and has a spring 128 connectedthereto which is attached to a lug 129 on the frame 10 of the loom, theopposite end of this spring 128 being secured to the lever 126 by a pin130. A roller 131' is mounted upon the lever 126 near the free endthereof, which engages a cam wheel 132, this wheel having a high camsurface 133 and a low cam surface 134 thereon, with the cam wheel beingmounted upon and rotating with the main shaft 11 of the loom, and whichas the cam 132 rotates, due to the action of the spring 128 imparts anup and down movement to the free end of the lever 126.

A rod 135 is attached to the free end of the lever 126, extends upwardlytherefrom and is connected to the arm 85 fixed to the rocker shaft 83 sothat during the operation of the loom at predetermined times the members86 and 87 are oscillated vertically by the cam wheel 132 and moveddownward so the guides 90, 90 carry pile thread down into the open warpbetween and below the fingers 56, 56 and remain momentarily in thisposition while a shot of filling is placed into the open warp and abovethe pile threads 70 by the operation of the needle 45.

The operation of the cam wheel 132 is, of course, in timed relation tothe operation of other parts of the loom, and particularly with relationto the cam 123 which shifts the members 86 and 87 laterally during theoperation of the loom, until the guides 90, 90 are in alignment with thespaces between the fingers 56, 56 before the guides 90, 90 descend, aswell as the guides 90a when they are used for the weaving of double looppile.

Attached to the breastplate 49 is a pair of brackets 137 and 138 whichare Z shaped with an elongated portion thereof fitted in face-to-facerelation upon the bracket 48 which supports the breastplate 49. Thebrackets 137 and 138 have blocks 139, 139 mounted therein, in which ashaft 140 is journaled, the blocks 139, 139 being secured in verticalposition by bolts 141, 141 engaged with blocks 1'39, 139 while otherbolts 142, 142 extend horizontally through the brackets 137 and 138 andinto the blocks 139, 139 to secure blocks 139, 139 to the brackets 138,138. The shaft 140 has a plurality of guide discs 143 thereon, beingspaced apart to receive the fingers 56, 56 and the loops 94, 94 therebyforming guides for the fingers 56, 56 with each disc 143 passing betweenthe rows of loops 94, 94 formed in the fabric as it is woven, therebyserving to keep the fingers 56, 56 in proper alignment and also holdingthe fabric firmly on the breastplate 49. It is necessary to apply sometension to the pile yarn in order that the loops be formed regularly andsnugly around the fingers 56 so there is a pulling force exerted on thefabric and the fingers in an upward direction by the pile yarns 70 and70a so the guide discs 143 serve to hold the fabric firm, and beingadjustable vertically the discs 143 can be separated the proper distanceby spacers 144 so the periphery of the discs 143 can engage the base ofthe fabric if necessary, or adjusted deep or shallow in the fabric toproduce the proper friction at the sides of the loops 94, 94 to guidethe fingers and hold the fabric in position during the weaving thereof.

The usual take-up roller 145 is provided at the front of the loom overwhich the fabric passes, a second roller 146 being provided, these tworollers being standard parts of the usual loom and are connected withthe letofi and take-up mechanism of the loom not shown, so that the.woven fabric after being loomed, and the warp moved from the connectionto the forward end of the Z bar 107 and attached to a stud 147 extendingupward from the 2 member 107 on the opposite side of the pivot point 108of the Z member 107. As the loom operates and the roller 122 on thelever 119 is in engagement with the high cam surface 123a on the cam123, a pull is exerted on the rod 116, thereby moving the Z member 107about its pivot point in a counter-clockwise direction. A thrust forceis exerted on each of the rods 105 and 106 which moves the member 86about its pivot point 88 in a clockwise direction, thereby moving theguide bar 89 carrying the guides 90, to the position shown in Figs. 9and 10 of the drawings and moving the member 87 in a counterclockwisedirection, which shifts the guide bar 89a in a direction opposite to themovement of the guide bar 89, also as shown in Figs. 9 and 10 of thedrawings. The guide bars 89 and 89a are each fixed only to one of theguide bar members 86 and 87 by the studs 89c and 89d as heretoforedescribed and are individually actuated only as the guide bar members 86and 87 are moved and therefore are shifted independently of each other,in opposite directions for the weaving of crossed pile fabric, and inthe same direction for the weaving of either single or double pilefabric. This shifting of the guide bars 89 and 89a crosses the pileyarns 70 and 70a in which position the guides 99 and 98a carry the pileyarns 70 and 70a into the shed of the loom, where the needle 45 placesthe two strands of filler through the loops thus formed over the fingers56 at the bottoms thereof and under the fingers 56, 56. After the guides90 and 90a are withdrawn from the shed of the loom, the reeds 38 beat upthe filler and the loops into the fabric. As the roller 119 reaches thelow cam surface 12313 on the cam 123, the spring 112 rotates the 2member 107 in a clockwise direction, thereby exerting a pull on the rodsand 106, thereby moving the member 86 in a counter-clockwise directionand the member 87 in a clockwise direction, thereby moving the guidebars 89 and 89a into the position shown in Figs. 11 and 12 of thedrawings, which causes the guides 96 and 90a to again cross the pileyarns 70 and 70a, in which position the guides 90 and 90a again carrythe pile yarns between the fingers 56 into the shed of the warp formingloops over the fingers 56, where the needle 45 again places the strandsof filler 93 under the fingers 56 and through the loops thus formed, andas the guides 90 and 90a pass upward, the reeds again beat up the fillerand loops into the fabric. Between the operations just described, shotsof filler are placed in the open shed of the warp which is shedded bythe harness in the usual manner.

It will be understood that in the weaving of the fabric bobbins are used(which are not shown) at the marginal edges of the fabrics so the fillerthreads are firmly and securely anchored at the marginal edges of thefabric, all of which is common practice in the weaving of fabrics.

Figures 13 and 15 illustrate a preferred form of fabric woven as aresult of a method of weaving known as a three shot cycle, which can bepracticed in the loom heretofore described when a single guide bar isused for the insertion of the pile yarn, with the same weave beingproduced when two guide bars are used, except that two strands of pileyarn are inserted as shown in Figure 14. I prefer to space the warpsfillerwise of the loom in groups of three ofiset fillerwise only veryslightly with respect to the warps of each group with the spacing of thegroups of warps corresponding generally to the spacing of the fingers56, 56 on theloom, with each group being under or very closely adjacentto the fingers 56, 56 and composed of two stuiier warp threads 15 and 17and a binder warp 16. Considering the fabric illustrated in Figure 15 asbeing produced from the right hand side of the drawing towards the left,the warps are open with 16 up and 15 and 17 down, the filler 93 would beplaced through the warp and beat up. Because of the fact that bothstufier warps 15 and 17 are taut and below the tiller and only thebinder warp 16 isv above the filler, when this shot of filler is beat upit goes into. the base fabric at a higher level than. do the next twosucceeding shots of filler. In the next step the warps 15 and 17 areshedded up and the binder warp 16 down, the pile yarn 70 inserted intothe shed by the guides 90, 9t) and a shot of filler 93 placed over thestrands of pile yarn 70 below the stutter warps 15 and 17 and above thebinder warp 16. As the guides 99 descend into the shed, because of thetension on the pile yarn and the fact that the guides 98 have beenshogged over the fingers prior to their descent, the pile yarn is loopedover the fingers somewhat taut and held in this condition until the shotof filler is made and the needle 45 withdrawn from the shed whereuponthe guides 93 ascend drawing the shot of filler previously inserted overthe pile yarn against the under side of the fingers. 56. The filler andthe pile loops are thereupon beat up at a low level in the fabric, withthe filler 93 through the base of pile loop, and the pile loop beatsnugly against the first mentioned shot of filler. For the next step,the warp 17 is shedded down and the binder warp 15, and stuffer warp 16are floated, whereupon another shot of filler is placed through thewarps, and beat up. When this last mentioned shot of filler is beat upagainst the loops, the loops are compressed until the strands of yarncomposing the loops are together, above the base of the loops, therebyanchoring the pile loop very firmly in the fabric and making its removalvery difficult. For the next step the binder Warp 15 is shedded down,stuifer warp 16 is. shedded upward, and the. stuffer warp 17 is floated,and the cycle of operations repeated as the fabric is woven.

A complete cycle of operation is completed with each revolution of themain shaft 11 of the loom. The operating means for the needle 45 istimed to cause the needle 45 to pass through the warp shed three timeswith each revolution of the main shaft 11 of the loom and the operatingmeans for the heddles 33, 34 and 35 is timed to operate at least one ofthe heddles after each filler shot is heat up by the lay. The fillerinserting needle operating means and the heddle cams and operating partsare not shown or described, as these operating parts are old and wellknown standard parts of looms used heretofore in the manufacture offabrics and well known in the art. The movement of the pile guides 90into and out of the warp shed and the movement of these guides laterallyover the fingers 56, thereby shogging the pile yarn over the fingers 56,is performed and controlled by the operating parts for these pile guidesin relation to the operation of the needle 45. as it places the fillerinto the warp.

The wheel 125 has a gear, ratio of 2 to l with respect to the gear 124,with the cam surfaces 123a and 123b on this gear 124 being of equallength as shown particularly in Fig. 2. The gear 124 is so positioned onits axis that during each cycle of operation the roller 119 passes fromone of these surfaces 123a and 123b to the other, thereby shogging theguides 90 over the fingers 56. Each complete revolution of the cam 123shogs the guides over the fingers twice, but because of the gear ratioof the gear 124 to the gear 125, only one shogging movement of theguides 90 is made With each complete revolution of the main loom shaft11.

The high cam surface 133 on the cam 132 extends two-thirds of thedistance around the periphery of the cam 132, with the low surface 134extending the other one-third of the distance making up the periphery ofthis earn 132. As the roller 131 travels on the low surface 134, theguides 90 are forced down into the warp shed and remain in this positionlong enough for the needle 45 to place the filler 93 through the warpshed below the warps 15 and 17 and above the binder warp 16 and alsoabove the pile yarn strands 70, and as the roller 131 travels up ontothe high surface 133 the guides 90 are raised out of the warp shed tothe position shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. At the beginning of eachcycle of operation as herein described, the roller 131 is approximatelyat the center of the high cam surface 133 with the guides out of theshed of the loom, and as the roller 131 reaches the low side 134, theguides descend into the shed of the loom where they remain until a shotof filler is inserted into the shed and over the strands of pile yarn,when the guides 90 are raised by the roller 131, again running into thehigh position 133 of the cam.

When the single guide bar such as 89 with its set of guides are used,single strands of pile yarn are therefore woven into the fabric with theguides 90 carrying the pile yarn into the warp first on one side of aparticular finger and then shifted so the next descent of a guide 90 ison the opposite side of the same finger, thus initially weaving the pileinto the fabric from a continuous strand of yarn which is looped overone of the fingers 56 at the upper side of the fabric and also looped onthe under side of the fabric, where the filler passes through the loopthus formed at the back of the fabric, and known in the art of weavingas weaving through to the back.

The double bars 89 and 89a with their guides 90 and 90a may be used intwo different ways. They may be shifted as a unit, in which case doublepile threads are woven into the fabric instead of single threads.Otherwise, the operation is the same, although producing a pile that isheavier, provided, of course, the same size of pile is used in bothinstances. If the bars 89 and 89a are shifted in opposite directions,then the pile loops will cross each other as shown in Figs. 9 to 12 ofthe drawings, which produces fabric of unusual appearance when pilethreads of different colors are used either for loops or cut pile. Itwill be understood that the guides in the bars always alternate on eachside of the fingers as Well as on each group of warps, and that at leasttwo of the warps pass through the pile loops, when considering the loopsas extending from one set of filler threads to the next set of fillerthreads.

The operation of the loom has hereinabove been described in sufiicientdetail to enable any weaver to understand its operation so thatrepetition thereof is believed unnecessary. The particular featureswhich are new in the art of weaving are the mounting of the fingers infront of the heddles, so these fingers do not pass through the heddlesand the provision of pile insertion means, which so far as I am awarehas not been incorporated in a loom heretofore.

Generally the operation of the loom has the effect of looping the pilethread, the tops of the loops being defined by the fingers 56, 56 andthe bottoms of the loops bythe filler threads so that if a strand ofpile yarn 70 were fol lowed in the initial weave it would describe aseries of loops which were formed over the tops. of the fingers andunder the filler threads. This pile yarn is under tension at all timesso that the yarn is drawn fairly snugly around the fingers and beingunder tension, the slack is kept out of the filler threads during thebeating up operation, so that these loops are drawn firmly around thefingers, the width of which controls the height of the loops. The fillerthreads which extend through the pile loops under the fingers are alsosnugly drawn up against the under side of the fingers 56, 56 as the pileyarn guides 90 ascend. out of the shed of the loom. During the weavingoperation several of these loops remain on each of the fingers,producing a certain amount of frictional resistance in addition to thetension on the warp threads against which the reeds beat, therebyproviding a very firm and closely woven base fabric with both the warpand the filler yarns fitting snugly about the base of the loops, therebyvery smoothly anchoring the pile yarn into the fabric and making italmost impossible to pull out one of the strands of the pile fabricafter the cloth is loomed without breaking the yarn, a strip of thewoven fabric is thus formed,

into which the fingers 56 are woven providing a base against which thereed beats at all times thereby insuring close and tight woven fabricswith the pile yarn being under complete control as long as it remains inthe fingers.

If a pile having a closed loop is desired the fingers such as 56, 56 areshown having tapered ends over which the loops pass as the fabric iswoven, with the guides 140, 140 having discs 143, 143 spaced in suchmanner that the loops on each side of the fingers can pass between thediscs 143, 143 thereby serving to prevent lateral displacement of thefingers 56, 56 during the looming of the fabric.

If it is desired to cut the loops, then the fingers 56, 56 are removedand fingers 63, 63 placed in position so that as the loops pass over theends of the fingers the knives 64, 64 sever the loops through the crownsand result in the usual pile fabric with the free ends of the yarnforming a pile such as is used in rugs, carpets, and the like. Also, ifdesired, fingers with the knives therein may be used with fingerswithout knives, thus producing a fabric with looped pile and regularpile, thus producing a fabric of striped effect of unusual appearance.

Due to the fact that the pile yarn is under tension at all times andthere is no opportunity for it to slip or move out of position duringthe weaving, the pile loops are even in height and when severed -by theknives are cut across the crowns, so that in effect a fabric is producedwhich needs very little, if any, trimming in order to produce a fabrichaving an even pile, which has not been true with the looming machinesheretofore used for this kind of fabric, sothat substantially all wasteis eliminated during the looming operation and very little waste resultsfrom the trimming operation and inasmuch as there is no possible chancefor the pile yarn to slip out of position, each pile loop placed intoposition in the fabric, which results in very little of the hurlingoperation being necessary, thereby producing from the loom asubstantially perfect fabric which results not only in lower cost ofmanufacture, but also in saving of material and in increase of speedwith which the looming operation can be performed.

The spacing of the fingers 56, 56 may be varied as de sired, as well asthe distance which the pile insertion guides 99, 90 may travelfillerwise, depending entirely upon the character of the weave desired,such as thickness of the pile, the denseness thereof, and the weight andcharacter of the pile yarn, and other factors, all of which are withinthe knowledge and skill of the ordinary weaver.

Although I have shown and described certain embodiments of my invention,it will be understood that I do not wish to be limited to the exactconstruction shown and described, but that various changes andmodifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a series of spaced fingers mounted on the loom forward ofthe harness andv extending parallel with the [warp] warps, there being arespective group of said warps adjacent each of said fingers, a seriesof spaced pile yarn feeding guides having eyelets therein through whichstrands of pile yarn are threaded movably mounted above the spacedfingers, means whereby the said feeding guides are shifted transverselyacross respective groups of warps to predetermined positions above thespaced fingers and moved into and out of the [warp] warps whereby thepile yarn is looped over the spaced fingers and over respective groupsof warps, and means for beating up the loops thus formed as the fabricis woven.

, 2. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising incombination with a loom, a series of spaced fingers mounted on the loomforward of the harness se- '12 cured at one of their ends and free attheir opposite ends and extending parallel with the [warp] warps, therebeing a respective group of said warps adjacent each finger, a series ofpile yarn feeding guides having eyelets therein through which strands ofpile yarn are threaded movably mounted above the spaced fingers, meanswhereby the said feeding guides are shifted transversely acrossrespective groups of warps to predetermined positions and movedvertically into and out of the [warp] warps whereby the pile yarn islooped over the spaced fingers and respective groups of warps andcarried into the [warp] warps between the said fingers, and means forbeating up the loops thus formed as the fabric is woven.

3. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, spaced fingers mounted on the loom forward of the harnesssecured at one of their ends and free at the other, pile yarn guideshaving eyelets adjacent the ends thereof through which strands of pileyarn are threaded mounted above the fingers and adapted to extendbetween the fingers and between the warp threads, means independent ofthe said fingers whereby the said guides are moved vertically andlaterally whereby the pile yarn carried by said guides is threaded overthe fingers and over groups of the warp threads and into the warp, meanswhereby filler threads are threaded through the loops thus formed andmeans on the loom whereby the pile loops and filler threads are heat upinto fabric.

4. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics com prising in combinationwith a loom, spaced fingers mounted forward of the harness and extendingparallel with the warp and having free ends terminating over the reastplate of the loom, reciprocating pile yarn guides having eyelets'thereinthrough which strands of pile yarn are threaded mounted above andindependently of the fingers, means whereby the guides are shiftedlaterally across and above the fingers and corresponding warp threads topredetermined positions, means whereby the said guides are movedvertically between the fingers into the warp threads thereby formingcontinuous loops, means whereby filler threads are placed in said loopsbelow the fingers and between the warp threads, and means associatedwith the loom for beating the loops and filler threads into position inthe warp.

5. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a fixed bar extending transversely of the 'loorn mountedforward of the harness, spaced fingers fixed at one of their ends tosaid bar and free at their other ends extending substantially parallelwith the warp, movable pile yarn guides having eyelets therein adjacenttheir free ends through which strands of pile yarn are threaded mountedabove the fingers and carrying pile yarn, there being at least onefinger corresponding to each pile yarn guide, means whereby the guidesare shifted to predetermined lateral positions across and abovecorresponding fingers and groups of warp threads, means whereby the saidguides are moved into position into the warp between the fingers andmeans in said loom for threading filler threads into the loops of pileyarn below the fingers formed by the said guides.

6. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a fixed bar extending fillerwise ofthe loom mounted forwardof the harness, [means whereby the said bar may be adjusted to varyingangular positions,] spaced fingers fixed at one of their ends to saidbar and free at the other extending substantially parallel with thewarp, the free ends of the fingers being tapered and terminating overthe breast plate of the loom, movable pile guides carrying pile yarnmounted over the said fingers, there being at least one fingercorresponding to each guide, means whereby each guide is alternatelyshifted in opposite directions laterally across and above each fingerwhile in raised position, means whereby the said guides. are. loweredfrom raised position [means whereby the. guides are shifted topredetermined lateral positions, means whereby the said guides are movedvertically] into position into the warp between the fingers and thenreturned toraised position following each lateral shifting movement ofthe guides in each direction, and means in said loom for threadingfiller threads into the loops of pile yarn formed by the said guidesbelow the said fingers.

7. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a fixed bar extending fillerwise of the loom mountedforward of the harness', [bars fixed to the frame of the loom to whichthe said. fixed bar is secured at its ends, means whereby the angularposition of the fixed bar can be changed] spaced fingers fixed at one oftheir ends to said bar and free at the other, extending substantiallyparallel with the warp, the free ends of the fingers being tapered andterminating over the breast plate of the loom, movable pile guidescarrying pile yarn mounted over the said fingers, means whereby theguides are alternately shifted in opposite directions laterally acrossand above the fingers while in raised position, [shifted topredetermined lateral positions,] means whereby the said guides aremoved downwardly [vertically] into position into the Warp between thefingers and then returned to raised position following each lateralshifting movement of the guides in each direction, and means in saidloom for threading filler threads into the loops of pile yarn formed bythe said guides below the said fingers.

8. A loom attachment for Weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a 100m, a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, spaced fingersfixed at one of their ends to said bar and free at the other, extendingsubstantially parallel with the warp, movable pile yarn guides havingeyelets therein through which the pile yarn is threaded mounted abovethe said fingers and spaced relative thereto and carrying pile yarn,means whereby the guides are alternately shifted in opposite directionslaterally across and above the fingers while in raised position,[shifted to predeterminedlateral positions,] means whereby the saidguides are moved downwardly [vertically] into position into the warpbetween the fingers and then returned to raised position following eachlateral shifting movement of the guides in each direction, and means onsaid [between the fingers, a nonyielding fabric holding and guidingmember spanning the free ends of the said fingers mounted on the breastbeam of the loom, and means on said] loom for threading filler threadsinto the loops of pile yarn formed by the said guides below saidfingers.

9. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, spaced fingersfixed at one of their ends to the said bar and free at the other,extending substantially parallel with the Warp, movable pile yarn guides[having eyelets therein adjacent their free ends] through which strandsof pile yarn are threaded mounted above the said fingers and spacedrelative thereto [and carrying pile yarnl means whereby the guidesarealternately shifted in opposite directions laterally across and abovethe fingers while in raised position, [shifted to predetermined lateralpositions,] means whereby the said guides are moved into position intothe warp between the fingers and then returned to raised positionfollowing each lateral shifting movement of the guides in eachdirection, Efingers, a combined non-yielding fabric holding and guidingmember spanning the free ends of the fingers and in engagement with therows of loops formed on each fingen] and means on said loom forthreading filler threads into the loops of pile yarn formed by the saidguides below the fingers.

10. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a plurality of [bar 14' extending fillervrises of the100111,] spaced fingers [fixed at one of" their ends tothe said bar andfree at the other,] extending substantially parallel with the warp,movable pile guides having eyelets adjacent their ends through whichstrands of pile yarn are threaded mounted above the said fingers, andspaced relative thereto, means whereby the guides are alternatelyshifted in opposite directions laterally across and above the fingerswhile in raised position, [shifted to predetermined lateral positions]means whereby the said guides are moved downwardly into position intothe warp between the [fingers,]. fingers and then returned to raisedposition following each lateral shifting movement of the guides in 'eachdirection, and means on said loom for threading filler threads. into theloops of pile yarn formed beneath said. fingers by the; said guides [bythe said guides, and a rotatable non-yielding hold down and spacingmember mounted on the breast beam of the loom having spaced discsthereon between which the free ends of the fingers extend].

11. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a bar extending transversely of the m, spaced fingers fixedat one of their ends to the said bar and free at the other, extendingsubstantially parallel with the warp, knives in said fingers adjacentthe free ends thereof at their upper edges, movable pile guides havingeyelets adjacent their free ends through which pile yarnis threadedthere being one of said guides mounted over [the] each of said fingers,means whereby the guides are each shifted laterally to predeterminedpositions across and above a corresponding finger and a correspondinggroup of warp threads, means whereby the said guides are moved intoposition into the warp between the fingers, and means on said loom forthreading filler threads into the loops of pile yarn formed by the; saidguides.

12. In combination with a loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising incombination, a bar extending transversely of the loom in front of theharness, a plurality of fingers mounted in said bar extendingsubstantially parallel with the warp fixed at one of their ends and freeat the other, there being a group of warp threads adjacent. and beneatheach of at least some of said fingers, pile thread guide bar framesmovably mounted on the loom, a guide bar in said frames spaced above andspanning the spaced fingers, pile thread guides in said guide bar, therebeing a pile thread guide for each finger, means whereby the guide barframes are oscillated vertically at predetermined times, means wherebythe said guide bar is alternately moved laterally in opposite directionsto move each of said pile thread guides across and above thecorresponding [guide bar is moved laterally] finger and the adjacentgroup of warp threads to position the pile thread guides before thedownward movement of the said frames whereby [the] each pile thread[guides pass] guide passes alternately on opposite sides of thecorresponding [fingers] finger and the adjacent group of warp threadswith [each] successive operations and means in said loom whereby fillingthreads are placed through the loops of pile on the under side of thesaid fingers.

13. In combination with a loom for Weaving pile fabrics comprising incombination a bar extending transversely of the loom in front of theharness, a plurality of fingers mounted in said bar extendingsubstantially parallel with the warp, fixed at one of their ends andfree at the other in spaced relation with each other, a rocker shaftextending transversely of the said loom, said loom having a power shaftfor driving the loom, pile thread guide bar frames pivotal-1y mounted onsaid rocker shaft for lateral movement, a guide bar mounted in saidframes and spanning the said fingers, pile thread guides in spacedrelation in said guide bar, means connecting the rocker shaft and thepower shaft of the loom '15 whereby the guides are moved vertically andmeans whereby the said pile guide bar frames are shifted laterally topredetermined positions prior to the descent of the pile thread guidesat each operation of the loom.

14. A loom attachment for the weaving of pile fabric in combination witha loom, a fixed bar extending transversely of the loom, fingers spacedfrom each other mounted at one of their ends in said bar, rocker meanshaving arms thereon in said loom, pile guide bar frames pivotallymounted intermediate their ends upon the said arms, pile guide bars insaid pile guide bar frames spanning the said fingers, pile guides insaid bars, and means whereby the said guide bar frames are actuated toshift the pile guides laterally and also move the said pile guides intoand out of the warp of the loom.

15. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom, a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, a plurality ofspaced fingers extending substantially parallel with the warp fixed insaid bar at one of their ends and free at their other ends, there beinga group of warp threads beneath each of at least some of said fingers, arocker member, guide bar support [frames] members mounted upon saidrocker member, pile guide bars mounted in said [frames] support membersspanning the said fingers, a plurality of spaced pile thread guides insaid pile guide bars, actuating means on the loom and connecting meansoperated by the said actuating means, whereby the said guide bar supportmembers and guide bars are oscillated vertically and shifted laterallyduring predetermined cycles of operation of the loom, and each of saidpile thread guides being movable across and above one of said fingersand one of said groups of warp threads when shifted laterally with saidguide bars.

16. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom, a finger support member extending transversely of said loomforward of the harness, fingers mounted in said support member in spacedrelation with each other extending warpwise of the loom, there being agroup of warp threads beneath each of at least some of said fingers, ashaft extending transversely of the said loom, guide bar [frames]members movably mounted on said shaft, extending forwardly anddownwardly therefrom, a guide bar spanning the said fingers mounted insaid guide bar members, spaced pile yarn guides, one corresponding toeach finger, mounted in said guide bar, and operating connections forsaid guide bar members for vertical and lateral movement of the saidguide bar members, whereby [the] each of said guides [are] is moved intoand out of the warp and alternately on opposite sides of thecorresponding [fingers] finger and the group of warp threadstherebeneath.

17. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric cornprising in combinationwith a loom, a finger support member extending transversely of said loomforward of the harness, fingers mounted in said support member in spacedrelation with each other extending warpwise of the loom, there being agroup of warp threads beneath each of said fingers, a shaft extendingtransversely of the said loom, having arms extending radially therefrom,guide bar members movably mounted on said arms, extending forwardly anddownwardly therefrom, a guide bar spanning the said fingers mounted insaid guide bar members, spaced guides in said guide bar and operatingconnections for said guide bar members for vertical and lateral movementof the said guide bar members, whereby the said guides are moved intoand out of the warp 'and alternately on opposite sides of the fingersand respective groups of warp threads.

18. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom, a finger support member extending transversely of said loomforward of the harness, fingers mounted in said support member in spacedrelation with each other extending warpwise of the loom, a shaftextending transversely of the said loom, having arms extending radiallytherefrom, guide bar members movably mounted on said arms intermediatetheir ends, extending forwardly and downwardly there from, a guide barspanning the said fingers mounted in said guide bar members, spacedguides in said guide bar and operating connections for said guide barmembers for vertical and lateral movement of the said guide bar members,whereby the said guides are moved into and out of the warp andalternately on opposite sides of the fingers.

19. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric from warps, fillers andpile yarns comprising, in combination with a loom having a main loomshaft, a bar extending fillerwise of the loom and disposed rearwardly ofthe fell of the fabric, a plurality of spaced fingers extendingsubstantially parallel with the warp fixed at [one of] their rear endsto the said bar, knives in said fingers adjacent their front ends, arocker member, a pair of frames pivotally mounted on said rocker member,a pile guide bar on said frames spanning the said fingers, a

plurality of spaced pile thread guides in said pile guide bar, cams onthe main loom shaft and a plurality of connecting means operated by saidcams whereby the said frames and pile guide bar are moved vertically andlaterally during predetermined cycles of operation of the loom, saidcams being arranged to alternately move said pile guide bar laterally inopposite directions while said thread guides are in raised position onlyabove said fingers and to move said guides downwardly into the warps andthen back to raised position between successive lateral movements ofsaid guide bar.

20. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising incombinationwith a loom a plurality of spaced fingers free of the harnessand reed of the loom extending substantially parallel with the warpfixed at one of their ends, each finger being arranged to overlie aseparate group of warp threads, knives mounted in said fingers wherebythe loops formed therein are severed as the loops pass over the fingers,a rocker member, a pair of guide bar frames pivotally mounted on saidrocker member, a pile guide bar on said frames spanning the saidfingers, a plurality of spaced pile thread guides in said pile guidebar, cams connected with the main loom shaft and connecting means withthe said frames operated by the said cams whereby the said guide barframes and guide bar are moved vertically and are alternately shiftedlaterally in opposite directions across and above the fingers and theirrespective groups of warp threads during predetermined cycles ofoperation of the loom.

21. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising with a loom abar extending transversely of the loom forward of the harness, aplurality of spaced fingers extending substantially parallel with thewarp fixed at one of their ends and free at their other ends, knivesmounted in said fingers along their upper edges adjacent the free endsthereof whereby the loops formed on said fingers are severed beforeleaving the said fingers, a rocker shaft extending transversely of theloom, arms on said rocker shaft, frames pivotally mounted on said armsand extending forward and downward from the said arms, a pile guide baron said frames spanning the said fingers, a plurality of spaced pilethread guides in said pile guide bar, cams connected with the main loomshaft and connecting means with the said frames operated by the saidcams whereby the said frames are oscillated vertically and shiftedlaterally during predetermined cycles of operation of the loom.

22. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom a bar extending transversely of the said loom forward of theharness, a plurality of spaced fingers mounted in the said bar extendingsubstantially parallel with the warp fixed at one of their ends and freeat their other ends, a rotatable guide member having spaced discsthereon between which the free ends of the fingers extend, a rockershafthaving fixed arms thereon, a pair of members pivotally mountedintermediate their ends on the arms in the said rocker shaft extendingforward and downward therefrom, a pile guide bar on said membersspanning the said fingers, a plurality of spaced pile thread guides insaid pile guard bar, cams connected with the main loom shaft and aplurality of connecting means operated by the said cams whereby the saidmembers are oscillated vertically and shifted laterally duringpredetermined cycles of operation of the loom.

23. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom a bar extending fillerwise of the loom forward of theharness, a plurality of spaced fingers extending substantially parallelwith the Warp fixed at one of their ends, the said fingers being widerat their free ends than at other portions, knives in said widenedportions of the said fingers, guiding means for the fingers, rockermeans extending transversely of the said loom, a pair of framespivotally mounted for lateral movement on said rocker means, a pileguide bar on said frames spanning the said fingers, a plurality ofspaced pile thread guides in said pile guide bar, cams connected withthe main loom shaft and a plurality of connecting means operated by thesaid cams whereby the said frames are oscillated vertically and shiftedlaterally V during predetermined cycles of operation of the loom.

plurality of spaced pile thread guides in said pile guide bar, camsconnected with the main loom shaft and a plurality of connecting meansoperated by the said cams, whereby the said frames are oscillatedvertically and shifted laterally during predetermined cycles ofoperation of the loom.

25. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, a plurality ofspaced fingers extending substantially parallel with the warp fixed tothe said bar at one of their ends and free at their other ends, a guideroller having spaced discs thereon between which the free ends of thefingers extend, the said discs being spaced sufiiciently to permit theloops formed on the fingers to pass therebetween, a rocker shaft havingfixed arms thereon, pile guard bar members mounted on said arms, a pileguide bar on said pile guide bar members, a plurality of spaced pilethread guides in said pile guide bar, cam means connected with the mainloom shaft, and a plurality of connecting means operated by the said cammeans whereby the said frames are oscillated vertically and shiftedlaterally during predetermined cycles of operation of the loom.

v 26. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising incombination with a loom a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, aplurality of spaced fingers extending substantially parallel with thewarp fixed at one of the ends to the said bar and free at the other,rocker means mounted on thevloom, pile thread guide bar frames pivotallymounted .on said rocker means, apile thread guide barfin said [members]frames, a plurality of spaced pile thread guides in said bar, a cam onthe main drive shaft of the loom, a pivotally mounted lever actuated bythe cam, a connection to the said rocker shaft whereby with the rotationof the cam the pile guides carry pile yarn between the fingers and intothe open warp, a face cam connected with the said drive shaft, apivotally mounted lever in engagement at one of its ends with the facecam,

and connections between the lever and the guide bar frames whereby atpredetermined times the pile thread guides are moved laterally, wherebywith each descension in the warp the said pile guides pass on oppositesides of the fingers whereby loops are formed over the said fingers andanchored into the fabric by the filler and warp threads.

, 27. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising incombination with a loom, a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, spacedfingers mounted at one of their ends on said bar extending warpwise ofthe loom, rocker means extending fillerwise of the loom, pile guide barsupport frames mounted on said rocker means, guide bars supported by thesaid frames, pile guides in said bars, one of said pile guide bars beingsecured to one of said frames and the other guide bar to the otherframe, and operating means for said pile guide frames, whereby they aremoved vertically and shifted horizontally and cause the pile guides topass alternately on each side of the said fingers into the open warponthe loom.

28. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabric comprising in combinationwith a loom, a bar extending fillerwise of the loom, spaced fingersmounted at one of their ends on said bar extending warpwise of the loom,a rocker shaft extending fillerwise of the loom, arms on said shaft, [a]pile guide bar support frames mounted on said arms, pile guide bars insaid frames, pile guides in said bars, one of said pile guide bars beingsecured to one of said frames and the other guide bar to the otherframe, whereby they are moved vertically and shifted horizontally andcause the pile guides to pass alternately on each side of the saidfingers into the open warp on the loom, the said pile guide bars beingmounted on said frames in side to side relation with each other andmovable independently of each other.

29. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics from weft threads, groupsof warp threads and pile yarn strands comprising in combination with aloom, spaced fingers mounted thereon extending warpwise of the loom andeach overlying a group of warp threads, vertically and horizontallymovable pile guide bars positioned above the said fingers and above theshed of the loom, pile yarn guides in said bars having eyelets adjacentthe ends thereof through which strands of pile yarn are threaded, andmeans connecting the said pile guide bars with the said loom, whereby aplurality of strands of yarn is shogged over the said fingers andrespective groups of warp threads and is threaded between said fingersinto the shed of the loom and interwoven with the base fabric during theweaving thereof by the loom, said guide bar being movable in onedirection laterally of the warp threads while in raised positionfollowing alternate upward movements of said guides and being movable inthe opposite direction following intervening upward movements of saidguides between said alternate movements.

30. In combination with a loom for weaving pile fabric from weft yarns,groups of warp yarns and pile yarns, comprising in combination, aplurality of spaced fingers extending warpwise of the loom and mountedon the said loom, each finger extending over a group of said warp yarns,a set of spaced pile [thread] yarn guides having pile yarn receivingeyelets adjacent the ends thereof mounted above the said fingers abovethe shed of the loom, the spacing of the guides correspondingapproximately with the spacing of the fingers, vertical actuatingmembers for said guides whereby the said guides are moved into and outof the shed of the loom, and means whereby [each of the] said guides areshifted across and above the fingers and respective groups of warp yarnsand to predetermined positions above the spaces between the said fingersprior to each descent of the guides into the shed of the loom, saidguides being shifted in one direction prior to each alternate descentthereof and in the opposite direction prior to each intervening descentthereof.

31. A method which comprises arranging warp threadsin a loom havingmovable beating means in spaced groups each group comprising stuiferwarps and a binder warp, each warp being spaced slightly fillerwise withrespect to other warps in the same group, at least one warp of eachgroup being a binder warp and at least two of the warps being stutterwarps, placing a filler through the warp under the binder warp,threading strands of pile yarn under tension over fingers and into thewarp on each side of each group of warp threads and entirely in advanceof the [heating] beating means, placing filler [yarn] through the loopsof pile formed on the fingers below the stufier warps and above thebinder warp, drawing the strands of pile yarn snugly over the fingersand the filler against the under edges of the fingers, shedding one ofthe stuffer warps and floating the balance of the warps, inserting afiller [thread] and beating up the last mentioned filler directlyagainst one side of the loops of pile yarn.

32. A method which comprises arranging Warp threads in a loom havingmovable heating means in spaced groups, each group comprising aplurality of warps spaced fillerwise only slighty with respect to otherwarps in the same group, at least one warp of each group being a binderwarp and at least two of the warps being stutter warps, placing a fillerthrough the warp under the binder warp, threading pile yarn undertension over finger and into the warp on each side of each group of warpthreads and entirely in advance of the heating means, placing filleryarn through the loops of pile formed on the fingers below the stutterwarps and above the binder warp, drawing the pile yarnsnugly over thefingers and the filler against the under edges of the fingers, sheddingone of the stutter warps and floating the'balance of the warps,inserting a filler thread and beating up the last mentioned fillerdirectly againstone side of the loops of pile yarn and thereaftercutting the pile loops as the loops are forced towards the ends of thefingers during successive weaving operations.

33. A method which comprises arranging warp threads in a loom havingmovable heating means in spaced groups, each group consisting of aplurality of warps in side to side relation with each other and offsetonly slightly in a fillerw-ise direction with respect to each adjacentwarp of each group, at least one warp of each group being a binding warpand at least two of the warps being stuffer warps, placing a fillerthrough the warp under the binding warp, threading a plurality ofstrands of pile yarn undertension over fingers and into the shed of the.warp in each side of each group of warp threads and entirely in advanceof the beating means placing filler yarn through the loops- 'of pileformed" on the fingers below the stuffer warps and above the bindingwarp, drawing the pile yarn snugly over the fingers and around thefiller yarn, shedding one of the stu'lfer warps and floating the balanceof the warps, beating the loops thus formed and the filler yarnagainstthe previously formed fabric, inserting a filler [thread] yarnand beating up the last mentioned filler yarn 'directly against one sideof the loops of pile yarn.

34. A method which comprises arranging warp threads in aloom havingmovable beating means in spaced groups, each group consisting of aplurality of warps in side to side relation with each other and offsetonly slightly in a fillerwise direction with respect to each adjacentwarp of each group,'at least one warp of each group being a binding warpand at least two of thewarps being stuffer warps, placing afillerthrough the warp under the binding warp, threading a plurality ofstrands of pileyarn-unde-r tensionwover fingers in the same directionand into the warp on each side of each group or warp threads andentirely in advance of the beating means, placing filler [yarn] through.the loops of pileformed on the fingers below the stutter warpsand'abov'ei the binding warp, drawing the pile yarn snugly overthefingers and the filler against the underside of the fingers, sheddingone of the stufier warps and floating the balance of the warps,inserting a filler [thread] and beating up the last mentioned fillerdirectly against one side of the loops of pile yarn.

35. A method which comprises arranging warp threads in a loom havingmovable beating means in spaced groups, each group consisting of aplurality of warps in side to side relation with each other and offsetonly slightly in a fillerwise direction with respect to each ad jacentwarp of each group, at least one warp of each group being a binder warpand at least two of the warps being stutter warps, placing a fillerthrough the warp under tension under the binding warp, threading aplurality of strands of pile yarn over fingers in opposite directionsand into the warp on each side of each group of warp threads, andentirely in advance of the heating means, placing filler [yarn] throughthe loops of pile formed on the fingers below the stutter warps andabove the binding warp, shedding one of the stutter warps and floatingthe balance of the warps, inserting a filler [thread] and beating up thelast mentioned filler directly against one side of the loops of pileyarn.

36. A method of Weaving pile fabrics on a loom having movable beatingmeans which comprises weaving groups of [warp] warps and filler yarninto a base fabric and concurrently with the weaving of the base fabricinterweaving pile yarn into the fabric by shogging strands of pile yarnover warpwise extending fixed fingers and over respective groups ofwarps, threading, the strands of pile yarn between the fingers, betweenadjacent groups of warps and entirely forwardly of the heating meansinto the shed of the loom below the path'of the filler inserting means,inserting filler [strands] yarn over the pile yarn and through the openshedded [Warp] warps, again threading the pile yarn upward between thefingers, the'rea by looping the pile yarn around the filler yarn,keeping the pile yarn under tension whereby the loops thus formed aredrawn snugly around the fingers with the filler, and beating up thefiller and pile loops against the previously sho'ggin'g pile yarn overfixed warpwise extending fingers and ever respective ,g'r'orqwof two ormorewarp threads, threading pile 'yai'n between the fin'gers and theadiacent groups of warp threads and entirely forwardly of the heatingmeans to a point belowthe path of the filler thread insertion means,placing filler threads over the pile yarn and between certain of thewarps, drawing the pile yarn upward between the fingers, keeping thepile yarn under tension whereby continuous loops are formed over thefingers and filler yarns in snug frictional engagement with the fingers[finger], and beating up the yarn thus positioned against previouslyformed fabric against the frictional resistance of the loops and filleron the fingers and the tension of the warps.

38. A method of weaving pile fabrics on a loom having a movable heatingmeans which comprises weaving a base fabric of the usual warp and fillerthreads and concurrently weaving pile yarn into the base fabric by'shogging pile yarn overfixed warpwise extending fingers andoverrespective groups of at least; two warp threads, threading pile yarnbetween the fingers and [the] betw'een adjacent groups of warp threadsand entirely forw'ar'dl'y ofthe beating meanst'o a'point" below the pathof the filler thread insertion means, placing filler threads over-thepile yarn and between certain of, the [warps] warp threads, drawing thepile yarn upward. between the i tioned against previously formed fabricagainst the frictional resistance of the loops and filler threads on thefingers and the tension of the [warps] warp threads and retaining [in]on the fingers a plurality ofloops whereby an area in the fabric forms abase against which subsequent fabric is formed in addition to thetension provided by the warp threads.

39. In combination with a loom for weaving a base fabric composed of aplurality of warp and filler threads, a series of fingers extendingparallel with the warp in spaced relation with each other, a series ofrod like pile thread guides mounted above the said fingers, meanswhereby the said pile thread guides are moved vertically between thespaced fingers into and out of the shed of the loom at predeterminedtimes, means whereby the said pile thread guides are shogged over thesaid fingers and over certain of the warp threads prior to their descentinto the shed of the loom and means whereby pile yarn is supplied tosaid guides.

40. In combination with a loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising meanswhereby a base fabric is woven of groups of warp threads and fillerthreads, a series of fingers extending warpwise of the loom iaboverespective groups of warp threads and in spaced relation with each otherfillerwise of the loom, rod like pile yarn guides having eyelets thereinvertically movable into and out of the shed of the loom between thefingers, between adjacent groups of warp threads and below the path oftravel of the filler thread inserting means and laterally movable overthe said fingers, means whereby the said guides are actuated laterallyand vertically, and pile yarn supply means, the said guides serving toshog the pile yarn over the fingers and over respective groups of warpthreads and to carry the said pile yarn below the path of the fillerinserting means whereby the tiller is placed over the pile yarn.

41. In combination with a loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising meanswhereby a base fabric is woven of groups of warp threads and fillerthreads, a series of fingers extending warpwise of the loom aboverespective groups of warp threads and in spaced relation with each otherfillerwise of the loom, rod like pile yarn guides having eyelets thereinadjacent their ends vertically movable into and out of the shed of theloom between the fingers, between adjacent groups of warp threads andbelow the path of travel of the filler thread inserting means andlaterally movable over the said fingers and over the respective groupsof warp threads, means whereby the said guides are actuated laterallyand vertically, [and] pile yarn supply means, and tension means for saidpile yarn.

42. In combination with a loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising meanswhereby a base fabric is woven of groups of warp threads and fillerthreads, a series of fingers extending warpwise of the loom aboverespective groups of warp threads and in spaced relation with each otherfillerwise of the loom, rod like pile yarn guides having eyelets thereinvertically movable into and out of the shed of the loom between thefingers, between adjacent groups of warp threads and below the path oftravel of the tiller thread inserting means and laterally movable overthe said fingers, means whereby the said guides are actuated laterallyand vertically, pile yarn supply means, and means whereby the pile yarnis placed under tension, the said guides serving to shog the pile yarnover the fingers and over respective groups of warp threads and into theshed of the loom below the path of travel of the filler thread insertingmeans thereby forming a series of loops over the fingers and respectivewarp threads and around the filler inserted over the said pile yam.

43. In combination with a loom for weaving pile fabrics comprising meanswhereby a base fabric is woven of groups of warp threads and fillerthreads, a series of fingers extending warpwise of the loom aboverespective groups of warp threads and in spaced relation with each otherfillerwise of the loom, rod like pile yarn guides having eyelets thereinvertically movable into and out of the shed of the loom, between thefingers and adjacent groups of warp threads and below the path of travelof the filler thread inserting means and laterally movable over the saidfingers, means whereby the said guides are actuated laterally andvertically, pile yarn supply means, and pile yarn tension means, thesaid guides threading the pile yarn in the fingers and into the shed ofthe loom below the path of the filler inserting means whereby a seriesof loops are formed over the fingers and over respective groups of warpthreads and in frictional engagement [therewith] with the fingers,thereby providing resistance to the movement of the fabric through theloom and providing a background for beating up the fabric in addition tothe usual tension of the warp threads.

44. A loom attachment for weaving pile fabrics comprising in combinationwith a loom, a series of spaced fingers mounted on the loom andextending parallel with the warp, there being a group of warps adjacenteach finger, a series of spaced substantially rigid pile yarn feedingguides having eyelets therein through which strands of pile yarn arethreaded movably mounted at a ditferen-t level than the spaced fingers,means for shifting said feeding guides transversely in unison topredetermined positions laterally of said spaced fingers and therespective groups of warps, means for moving said feeding guides intoand out of the warp whereby the pile yarn is looped over the spacedfingers and over the respective groups of warps, and means for beatingup theloops thus formed as the fabric is woven.

45. In a loom for weaving pile fabrics from ground warps, wefts and pileyarns, said loom having a beating means for beating the wejts againstthe fell of the fabric, and a series of spaced warpwise extendingpile-loopforming fingers extending over the fell, the combinationtherewith of a series of pile yarn guides corresponding to said fingersand through which pile yarns extend from the fell to a source of saidpile yarns, means to lower said guides from a raised position above thelevel of the fingers into the warps and to return said guides to saidraised position, means to shog each of said guides laterally above andacross a corresponding finger in one direction prior to each alternatedescent of said guides, and said last-named means being operable to shogeach of said guides laterally above and across the corresponding fingerin the opposite direction prior to each intervening descent of saidguides between said alternate descents thereof.

References Cited in the file of this patent or the original patentUNITED STATES PATENTS 06,467 Britain Oct. 10, 1893 762,526 Hartley June14, 1904 778,363 Hartley Dec. 27, 1904 791,678 Dustin June 6, 19051,054,969 Le Doux Mar. 4, 1913 1,739,181 Robertson Dec. 10, 19291,797,058 Gero Mar. 17, 1931 1,934,827 Shuttleworth Nov. 14, 19332,043,165 Hall -e. June 2, 1936 2,075,187 Fligg Mar. 30, 1937 FOREIGNPATENTS 205,130 Great Britain Oct. 17, 1923 407,364 Great Britain Mar.16, 1934

